irfpy.util.unitq

Unit handling using external “quantities” module.

Code author: Yoshifumi Futaana

Note

This module uses quantities package. I appreciate the author, Darren Dale, for providing the software.

https://github.com/python-quantities/python-quantities

Unitq handles the unit using quantities package. See http://pythonhosted.org/quantities/ for detailed documentation.

Additional functionalies are

• Shorter names of handling the qunatities. (For example, use r() instead of rescale())

• Simple conversion of the string formatted unit to the unit object. (Use the function nit(), or unit())

• Some new units commonly used in plasma physics. (For example, cu_flux.)

• Dynamic definition of un-defined unit using SI prefix. (For example, ‘pT’ is automatically defined as pico-tesla if you use it in nit() function.)

• You can set default unit system. (set_default_units(), or wrapped function use() or specific functions use_mksa() and use_plasma().)

• Simple pretty-print (pprint(), or simply pp())

• Helper function for implementing formula, simple extention for unitful formula is possible. See make_unitful_function(). (Mainly for developer. It is used in irfpy.util.physics intensively.

Usage

Basically, you may start with

>>> import irfpy.util.unitq as u

to use the unit system.

Simple example to create a unitful quantity is:

>>> print(8.57 * u.m)
8.57 m
>>> u.pprint(8.57 * u.m / (2.48 * u.s), fmt='%.3f')
3.456 m/s

Or you can make an unitful object using nit() function.

>>> u.pprint(u.nit('300 MPa'))    # 300 Mega pascal
300.000 MPa
>>> u.pprint(u.nit('3.6 km/h').simplified)
1.000 m/s

You may get the value only as np.array object as a matter of fact.

>>> val = [8.57, 2.55] * u.m
>>> val_arr = val.n     #  .n will return the numpy array
>>> print(val_arr, isinstance(val_arr, np.ndarray))   
[8.57  2.55] True
>>> val_arr[0] = 1.55
>>> print(val)   # The change in the new array will not affect the original   
[8.57  2.55] m

Sample with angle and solid angle

>>> print(3.5 * u.sr)
3.5 sr
>>> print((1.5 * u.sr)**2)
2.25 sr**2
>>> print(((0.3 * u.sr)**2).s)   # .s is to simplify. sr is unitless.
0.09 dimensionless

Electron volt temperature would be helpful.

>>> ev = 1 * eV_asT    # A new unit eV_asT has been defined.
>>> print(ev.r('K'))   # .r is to rescale the unit
11604.5052897 K

Interactive use (``n``, ``u``, ``s``, ``r``, ``ns``, ``nr``, ``us``, ``ur``)

The module is useful also for the interactive calculation. Aliases are prepared for easy access to some methods/properties.

• n (numpy) returns the numpy.array expression of the quantity (5.0 or [2.0, 3.5]).

• u (unit) returns the string expression of the units (kg or cm/s).

• s (simplified) is an alias to simplified().

• r (rescale) is an alias to rescale().

• ns (numpy simplified) returns the numpy.array after being simplified.

• nr (numpy rescaled) returns the numpy.array after being rescaled.

• us (unit simplified) returns the string expression of the unit after being simplified.

• ur (unit rescaled) returns the string expression of the unit after begin rescaled.

A series of sample is as follows.

Prepare the Planck constant. Internal expression is using the unit of “Planck constant”.

>>> h = k.Planck_constant   # Planck constant
>>> print(h)
1 h (Planck_constant)

>>> print(h.n)   # numpy.array of internal expression.
1.0
>>> print(h.u)   # the unit of internal expression.
h

You may want to get the quantity in MKSA. Usually you use simplified property to get it. You may use s for a short expression. To separate to the value and the unit, ns and us is prepared.

>>> print(h.simplified)  # Usually, you use simplified for getting MKSA expression.
6.62606896e-34 kg*m**2/s
>>> print(h.s)     # An alias is prepared.
6.62606896e-34 kg*m**2/s

>>> print(h.ns)   # This simplifies the quantity, return as numpy array.
6.62606896e-34
>>> print(h.us)    # This returns the unit of simplified quantity.
kg*m**2/s

Rescaling to another unit system is also done via r, nr and ur.

>>> pprint(h.r('g*cm^2/s'), fmt='%.3e')   # You may rescale with ``r``.
6.626e-27 g*cm**2/s

>>> print('%.3e' % h.nr('g*cm^2/s'))  # Return the rescaled value (float) only.
6.626e-27

>>> print(h.ur('g*cm^2/s'))  # Return the rescaled unit
g*cm**2/s

class irfpy.util.unitq.k2

Bases: object

MKSA scalar constant.

Deprecated since version 4.2.5: Use irfpy.util.constant module.

>>> print('%.3e' % k2.amu)
1.661e-27

amu = array(1.66053878e-27)

AMU

e = array(1.60217649e-19)

Elementary charge

m_p = array(1.67262164e-27)

Proton mass

irfpy.util.unitq.CUnit

alias of quantities.unitquantity.CompoundUnit

irfpy.util.unitq.cu_pflux = 1 (1 /cm**2 /s)

Unit of particle flux

irfpy.util.unitq.cu_flux = 1 (1 /cm**2 /s)

Unit of particle flux

irfpy.util.unitq.cu_eflux = 1 (eV/cm**2 /s)

Unit of energy flux

irfpy.util.unitq.cu_diffflux = 1 (1/cm**2 /sr /eV / s)

Unit of differential particle flux

irfpy.util.unitq.cu_ediffflux = 1 (eV/cm**2 /sr /eV/s)

Unit of differential energy flux

irfpy.util.unitq.cu_gfactor = 1 (cm**2 * sr * eV/eV)

Unit of g-factor

irfpy.util.unitq.eVT = UnitQuantity('electron_volt_temperature', 11604.5052897 * K, 'eVT')

Electron volt used as temperature

irfpy.util.unitq.eV_asE = UnitQuantity('electron_volt', 1.60217653e-19 * J, 'eV')

Electron volt used as energy (quantities defined object)

irfpy.util.unitq.ster = UnitQuantity('steradian', 1.0 * rad**2, 'sr')

Steredian, an alias

irfpy.util.unitq.qe = UnitQuantity('elementary_charge', 1.602176487e-19 * C, 'e')

Unit charge, an alias

irfpy.util.unitq.rydberg_energy = UnitQuantity('rydberg_energy', 0.5 * E_h, 'E_Ry')

Rydberg energy. It is about 13.6 eV, and half of the Hartree.

irfpy.util.unitq.si_prefix = {'D': 10.0, 'E': 1e+18, 'G': 1000000000.0, 'M': 1000000.0, 'P': 1000000000000000.0, 'T': 1000000000000.0, 'Y': 1e+24, 'Z': 1e+21, 'a': 1e-18, 'atto': 1e-18, 'c': 0.01, 'centi': 0.01, 'd': 0.1, 'da': 10.0, 'deca': 10.0, 'deci': 0.1, 'exa': 1e+18, 'f': 1e-15, 'femto': 1e-15, 'giga': 1000000000.0, 'h': 100.0, 'hecto': 100.0, 'k': 1000.0, 'kilo': 1000.0, 'm': 0.001, 'mega': 1000000.0, 'micro': 1e-06, 'milli': 0.001, 'n': 1e-09, 'nano': 1e-09, 'p': 1e-12, 'peta': 1000000000000000.0, 'pico': 1e-12, 'tera': 1000000000000.0, 'u': 1e-06, 'y': 1e-24, 'yocto': 1e-24, 'yotta': 1e+24, 'z': 1e-21, 'zepto': 1e-21, 'zetta': 1e+21}

SI prefix

irfpy.util.unitq.known_unit = {'A': UnitCurrent('ampere', 'A'), 'B': UnitInformation('byte', 8.0 * bit, 'B'), 'BTU': UnitQuantity('British_thermal_unit', 1055.05585262 * J, 'BTU'), 'Bd': UnitQuantity('baud', 1.0 * bit/s, 'Bd'), 'Bq': UnitQuantity('becquerel', 1.0 * 1/s, 'Bq'), 'British_horsepower': UnitQuantity('horsepower', 33000.0 * ft*lbf/min, 'hp'), 'Btu': UnitQuantity('British_thermal_unit', 1055.05585262 * J, 'BTU'), 'C': UnitQuantity('coulomb', 1.0 * s*A, 'C'), 'C12_faraday': UnitQuantity('faraday', 96485.3399 * C), 'Canadian_liquid_gallon': UnitQuantity('UK_liquid_gallon', 4.54609 * L), 'Celsius': UnitTemperature('Celsius', 1.0 * K, 'degC'), 'Ci': UnitQuantity('curie', 37000000000.0 * Bq, 'Ci'), 'D': UnitQuantity('darcy', 9.869233e-13 * m**2, 'D'), 'Da': UnitMass('atomic_mass_unit', 1.660538782e-27 * kg, 'u'), 'EB': UnitInformation('exabyte', 1000.0 * PB, 'EB'), 'EC_therm': UnitQuantity('EC_therm', 100000.0 * BTU, 'thm'), 'E_h': UnitQuantity('hartree', 4.35974394e-18 * J, 'E_h'), 'EiB': UnitInformation('exbibyte', 1024.0 * PiB, 'EiB'), 'Eio': UnitInformation('exbibyte', 1024.0 * PiB, 'EiB'), 'Eo': UnitInformation('exabyte', 1000.0 * PB, 'EB'), 'F': UnitQuantity('farad', 1.0 * C/V, 'F'), 'Fahrenheit': UnitTemperature('Fahrenheit', 1.0 * degR, 'degF'), 'Fr': UnitQuantity('statcoulomb', 1.0 * cm**0.5*erg**0.5, 'esu'), 'GB': UnitInformation('gigabyte', 1000.0 * MB, 'GB'), 'GHz': UnitQuantity('gigahertz', 1000.0 * MHz, 'GHz'), 'GL': UnitQuantity('gigaliter', 1000.0 * ML, 'GL'), 'GPa': UnitQuantity('gigapascal', 1000.0 * MPa, 'GPa'), 'GWh': UnitQuantity('gigawatt_hour', 1000.0 * MWh, 'GWh'), 'Gbar': UnitQuantity('gigabar', 1000.0 * Mbar, 'Gbar'), 'GeV': UnitQuantity('GeV', 1000.0 * MeV), 'Gi': UnitQuantity('gilbert', 0.7957747154594768 * ampere_turn, 'Gi'), 'GiB': UnitInformation('gibibyte', 1024.0 * MiB, 'GiB'), 'Gio': UnitInformation('gibibyte', 1024.0 * MiB, 'GiB'), 'Go': UnitInformation('gigabyte', 1000.0 * MB, 'GB'), 'Gregorian_year': UnitTime('Gregorian_year', 365.2425 * d), 'Gy': UnitQuantity('gray', 1.0 * J/kg, 'Gy'), 'H': UnitQuantity('henry', 1.0 * Wb/A, 'H'), 'H2O': UnitQuantity('H2O', 1000.0 * kg*g_0/m**3), 'Hg': UnitQuantity('conventional_mercury', 13.5951 * g*g_0/cm**3), 'Hz': UnitQuantity('hertz', 1.0 * 1/s, 'Hz'), 'Imperial_bushel': UnitQuantity('Imperial_bushel', 36.36872 * L), 'J': UnitQuantity('joule', 1.0 * m*N, 'J'), 'Julian_year': UnitTime('Julian_year', 365.25 * d), 'K': UnitTemperature('Kelvin', 'K'), 'Kelvin': UnitTemperature('Kelvin', 'K'), 'KiB': UnitInformation('kibibyte', 1024.0 * B, 'KiB'), 'Kio': UnitInformation('kibibyte', 1024.0 * B, 'KiB'), 'L': UnitQuantity('liter', 0.001 * m**3, 'L'), 'M': UnitQuantity('molar', 1.0 * mol/L, 'M'), 'MB': UnitInformation('megabyte', 1000.0 * kB, 'MB'), 'MHz': UnitQuantity('megahertz', 1000.0 * kHz, 'MHz'), 'ML': UnitQuantity('megaliter', 1000.0 * kL, 'ML'), 'MOhm': UnitQuantity('megaohm', 1000.0 * kiloohm), 'MPa': UnitQuantity('megapascal', 1000.0 * kPa, 'MPa'), 'MW': UnitQuantity('megawatt', 1000.0 * kW, 'MW'), 'MWh': UnitQuantity('megawatt_hour', 1000.0 * kWh, 'MWh'), 'Mbar': UnitQuantity('megabar', 1000.0 * kbar, 'Mbar'), 'MeV': UnitQuantity('MeV', 1000.0 * keV), 'MiB': UnitInformation('mebibyte', 1024.0 * KiB, 'MiB'), 'Mio': UnitInformation('mebibyte', 1024.0 * KiB, 'MiB'), 'Mo': UnitInformation('megabyte', 1000.0 * kB, 'MB'), 'Ms': UnitTime('megasecond', 1000.0 * ks, 'Ms'), 'N': UnitQuantity('newton', 1.0 * kg*m/s**2, 'N'), 'Oe': UnitQuantity('oersted', 79.57747154594767 * A/m, 'Oe'), 'Ohm': UnitQuantity('ohm', 1.0 * V/A), 'P': UnitQuantity('poise', 0.1 * s*Pa, 'P'), 'PB': UnitInformation('petabyte', 1000.0 * TB, 'PB'), 'Pa': UnitQuantity('pascal', 1.0 * N/m**2, 'Pa'), 'PiB': UnitInformation('pebibyte', 1024.0 * TiB, 'PiB'), 'Pio': UnitInformation('pebibyte', 1024.0 * TiB, 'PiB'), 'Po': UnitInformation('petabyte', 1000.0 * TB, 'PB'), 'R': UnitQuantity('roentgen', 0.000258 * C/kg, 'R'), 'RSI': UnitQuantity('RSI', 1.0 * m**2*K/W), 'R_value': UnitQuantity('R_value', 1.0 * ft**2*h*degF/BTU), 'Rankine': UnitTemperature('Rankine', 0.5555555555555556 * K, 'degR'), 'S': UnitQuantity('siemens', 1.0 * A/V, 'S'), 'St': UnitQuantity('stokes', 0.0001 * m**2/s, 'St'), 'Sv': UnitQuantity('gray', 1.0 * J/kg, 'Gy'), 'T': UnitQuantity('tesla', 1.0 * Wb/m**2, 'T'), 'TB': UnitInformation('terabyte', 1000.0 * GB, 'TB'), 'Tbl': UnitQuantity('tablespoon', 0.5 * fl_oz, 'tbsp'), 'Tblsp': UnitQuantity('tablespoon', 0.5 * fl_oz, 'tbsp'), 'Tbsp': UnitQuantity('tablespoon', 0.5 * fl_oz, 'tbsp'), 'TiB': UnitInformation('tebibyte', 1024.0 * GiB, 'TiB'), 'Tio': UnitInformation('tebibyte', 1024.0 * GiB, 'TiB'), 'To': UnitInformation('terabyte', 1000.0 * GB, 'TB'), 'UK_fluid_ounce': UnitQuantity('UK_fluid_ounce', 0.2 * UK_liquid_gill), 'UK_horsepower': UnitQuantity('horsepower', 33000.0 * ft*lbf/min, 'hp'), 'UK_liquid_cup': UnitQuantity('UK_liquid_cup', 0.5 * UK_liquid_pint), 'UK_liquid_gallon': UnitQuantity('UK_liquid_gallon', 4.54609 * L), 'UK_liquid_gill': UnitQuantity('UK_liquid_gill', 0.5 * UK_liquid_cup), 'UK_liquid_ounce': UnitQuantity('UK_fluid_ounce', 0.2 * UK_liquid_gill), 'UK_liquid_pint': UnitQuantity('UK_liquid_pint', 0.5 * UK_liquid_quart), 'UK_liquid_quart': UnitQuantity('UK_liquid_quart', 0.25 * UK_liquid_gallon), 'US_bushel': UnitQuantity('US_bushel', 2150.42 * in**3, 'bu'), 'US_dry_gallon': UnitQuantity('US_dry_gallon', 0.125 * bu), 'US_dry_pint': UnitQuantity('US_dry_pint', 0.5 * US_dry_quart), 'US_dry_quart': UnitQuantity('US_dry_quart', 0.25 * US_dry_gallon), 'US_fluid_ounce': UnitQuantity('US_fluid_ounce', 0.25 * gill, 'fl_oz'), 'US_liquid_cup': UnitQuantity('cup', 0.5 * pt), 'US_liquid_gallon': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_gallon', 231.0 * in**3), 'US_liquid_gill': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_gill', 0.5 * cup, 'gill'), 'US_liquid_ounce': UnitQuantity('US_fluid_ounce', 0.25 * gill, 'fl_oz'), 'US_liquid_pint': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_pint', 0.5 * quart, 'pt'), 'US_liquid_quart': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_quart', 0.25 * US_liquid_gallon, 'quart'), 'US_statute_mile': UnitLength('US_survey_mile', 5280.0 * US_survey_foot), 'US_survey_acre': UnitQuantity('US_survey_acre', 160.0 * rod**2), 'US_survey_foot': UnitLength('US_survey_foot', 0.3048006096012192 * m), 'US_survey_mile': UnitLength('US_survey_mile', 5280.0 * US_survey_foot), 'US_survey_yard': UnitLength('US_survey_yard', 3.0 * US_survey_foot), 'US_therm': UnitQuantity('US_therm', 105480400.0 * J), 'V': UnitQuantity('volt', 1.0 * J/C, 'V'), 'W': UnitQuantity('watt', 1.0 * J/s, 'W'), 'Wb': UnitQuantity('weber', 1.0 * s*V, 'Wb'), 'Wh': UnitQuantity('watt_hour', 1.0 * h*J/s, 'Wh'), 'YB': UnitInformation('yottabyte', 1000.0 * ZB, 'YB'), 'YiB': UnitInformation('yobibyte', 1024.0 * ZiB, 'YiB'), 'Yio': UnitInformation('yobibyte', 1024.0 * ZiB, 'YiB'), 'Yo': UnitInformation('yottabyte', 1000.0 * ZB, 'YB'), 'ZB': UnitInformation('zettabyte', 1000.0 * EB, 'ZB'), 'Z_0': UnitQuantity('characteristic_impedance_of_vacuum', 1.0 * c*mu_0, 'Z_0'), 'ZiB': UnitInformation('zebibyte', 1024.0 * EiB, 'ZiB'), 'Zio': UnitInformation('zebibyte', 1024.0 * EiB, 'ZiB'), 'Zo': UnitInformation('zettabyte', 1000.0 * EB, 'ZB'), 'a': UnitTime('year', 31556925.9747 * s, 'yr'), 'aA': UnitCurrent('abampere', 10.0 * A, 'aA'), 'abampere': UnitCurrent('abampere', 10.0 * A, 'aA'), 'abfarad': UnitQuantity('abfarad', 1000000000.0 * F), 'abhenry': UnitQuantity('abhenry', 1e-09 * H), 'abmho': UnitQuantity('abmho', 1000000000.0 * S), 'abohm': UnitQuantity('abohm', 1e-09 * ohm), 'abvolt': UnitQuantity('abvolt', 1e-08 * V), 'acre': UnitQuantity('acre', 4046.8564224 * m**2), 'acre_foot': UnitQuantity('acre_foot', 1.0 * ft*acre), 'amp': UnitCurrent('ampere', 'A'), 'ampere': UnitCurrent('ampere', 'A'), 'ampere_turn': UnitQuantity('ampere_turn', 1.0 * A), 'amperes': UnitCurrent('ampere', 'A'), 'amps': UnitCurrent('ampere', 'A'), 'amu': UnitMass('atomic_mass_unit', 1.660538782e-27 * kg, 'u'), 'angstrom': UnitLength('angstrom', 0.1 * nm), 'angular_degree': UnitQuantity('arcdegree', 0.017453292519943295 * rad, 'deg'), 'angular_minute': UnitQuantity('arcminute', 0.016666666666666666 * deg, 'arcmin'), 'angular_second': UnitQuantity('arcsecond', 0.016666666666666666 * arcmin, 'arcsec'), 'apdram': UnitMass('drachm', 60.0 * gr), 'apothecary_ounce': UnitMass('troy_ounce', 480.0 * gr, 'toz'), 'apothecary_pound': UnitMass('troy_pound', 12.0 * toz, 'tlb'), 'apounce': UnitMass('troy_ounce', 480.0 * gr, 'toz'), 'appound': UnitMass('troy_pound', 12.0 * toz, 'tlb'), 'arc_minute': UnitQuantity('arcminute', 0.016666666666666666 * deg, 'arcmin'), 'arc_second': UnitQuantity('arcsecond', 0.016666666666666666 * arcmin, 'arcsec'), 'arcdeg': UnitQuantity('arcdegree', 0.017453292519943295 * rad, 'deg'), 'arcdegree': UnitQuantity('arcdegree', 0.017453292519943295 * rad, 'deg'), 'arcmin': UnitQuantity('arcminute', 0.016666666666666666 * deg, 'arcmin'), 'arcminute': UnitQuantity('arcminute', 0.016666666666666666 * deg, 'arcmin'), 'arcsec': UnitQuantity('arcsecond', 0.016666666666666666 * arcmin, 'arcsec'), 'arcsecond': UnitQuantity('arcsecond', 0.016666666666666666 * arcmin, 'arcsec'), 'are': UnitQuantity('are', 100.0 * m**2), 'ares': UnitQuantity('are', 100.0 * m**2), 'arpentlin': UnitLength('arpentlin', 191.835 * ft), 'astronomical_unit': UnitLength('astronomical_unit', 149597870691.0 * m, 'au'), 'at': UnitQuantity('technical_atmosphere', 1.0 * kg*g_0/cm**2, 'at'), 'atm': UnitQuantity('standard_atmosphere', 101325.0 * Pa, 'atm'), 'atmosphere': UnitQuantity('standard_atmosphere', 101325.0 * Pa, 'atm'), 'atomic_mass_unit': UnitMass('atomic_mass_unit', 1.660538782e-27 * kg, 'u'), 'attosecond': UnitTime('attosecond', 0.001 * fs, 'as'), 'au': UnitLength('astronomical_unit', 149597870691.0 * m, 'au'), 'avoirdupois_ounce': UnitMass('ounce', 28.349523125 * g, 'oz'), 'avoirdupois_pound': UnitMass('pound', 0.45359237 * kg, 'lb'), 'b': UnitQuantity('barn', 1e-28 * m**2, 'b'), 'bag': UnitMass('bag', 94.0 * lb), 'bar': UnitQuantity('bar', 100000.0 * Pa), 'barad': UnitQuantity('barye', 0.1 * N/m**2, 'Ba'), 'barie': UnitQuantity('barye', 0.1 * N/m**2, 'Ba'), 'barleycorn': UnitLength('barleycorn', 0.3333333333333333 * in), 'barn': UnitQuantity('barn', 1e-28 * m**2, 'b'), 'barrel': UnitQuantity('barrel', 42.0 * US_liquid_gallon, 'bbl'), 'barrie': UnitQuantity('barye', 0.1 * N/m**2, 'Ba'), 'baryd': UnitQuantity('barye', 0.1 * N/m**2, 'Ba'), 'barye': UnitQuantity('barye', 0.1 * N/m**2, 'Ba'), 'baud': UnitQuantity('baud', 1.0 * bit/s, 'Bd'), 'bbl': UnitQuantity('barrel', 42.0 * US_liquid_gallon, 'bbl'), 'becquerel': UnitQuantity('becquerel', 1.0 * 1/s, 'Bq'), 'bev': UnitQuantity('GeV', 1000.0 * MeV), 'biot': UnitCurrent('abampere', 10.0 * A, 'aA'), 'bit': UnitInformation('bit'), 'board_foot': UnitQuantity('board_foot', 1.0 * in*ft**2, 'FBM'), 'boiler_horsepower': UnitQuantity('boiler_horsepower', 33475.0 * BTU/h), 'bps': UnitQuantity('baud', 1.0 * bit/s, 'Bd'), 'british_thermal_unit': UnitQuantity('British_thermal_unit', 1055.05585262 * J, 'BTU'), 'btu': UnitQuantity('British_thermal_unit', 1055.05585262 * J, 'BTU'), 'bu': UnitQuantity('US_bushel', 2150.42 * in**3, 'bu'), 'bushel': UnitQuantity('US_bushel', 2150.42 * in**3, 'bu'), 'byte': UnitInformation('byte', 8.0 * bit, 'B'), 'c': UnitQuantity('speed_of_light', 299792458.0 * m/s, 'c'), 'cP': UnitQuantity('centipoise', 0.01 * P, 'cP'), 'cal': UnitQuantity('thermochemical_calorie', 4.184 * J, 'cal'), 'calorie': UnitQuantity('thermochemical_calorie', 4.184 * J, 'cal'), 'candela': UnitLuminousIntensity('candela', 'cd'), 'candle': UnitLuminousIntensity('candela', 'cd'), 'carat': UnitMass('carat', 200.0 * mg), 'cc': UnitQuantity('cubic_centimeter', 1.0 * cm**3, 'cc'), 'cd': UnitLuminousIntensity('candela', 'cd'), 'celsius': UnitTemperature('Celsius', 1.0 * K, 'degC'), 'centimeter': UnitLength('centimeter', 0.01 * m, 'cm'), 'centimeter_Hg': UnitQuantity('cmHg', 1.0 * cm*conventional_mercury), 'centimetre': UnitLength('centimeter', 0.01 * m, 'cm'), 'centipoise': UnitQuantity('centipoise', 0.01 * P, 'cP'), 'chain': UnitLength('chain', 66.0 * US_survey_foot), 'characteristic_impedance_of_vacuum': UnitQuantity('characteristic_impedance_of_vacuum', 1.0 * c*mu_0, 'Z_0'), 'chemical_faraday': UnitQuantity('chemical_faraday', 96495.7 * C), 'circle': UnitQuantity('turn', 6.283185307179586 * rad), 'circles': UnitQuantity('turn', 6.283185307179586 * rad), 'circular_mil': UnitQuantity('circular_mil', 5.067075e-10 * m**2, 'cmil'), 'clo': UnitQuantity('clo', 0.155 * RSI), 'clos': UnitQuantity('clo', 0.155 * RSI), 'cm': UnitLength('centimeter', 0.01 * m, 'cm'), 'cmH2O': UnitQuantity('cmH2O', 1.0 * cm*H2O), 'cmHg': UnitQuantity('cmHg', 1.0 * cm*conventional_mercury), 'cm_Hg': UnitQuantity('cmHg', 1.0 * cm*conventional_mercury), 'cmil': UnitQuantity('circular_mil', 5.067075e-10 * m**2, 'cmil'), 'common_year': UnitTime('common_year', 365.0 * d), 'conventional_mercury': UnitQuantity('conventional_mercury', 13.5951 * g*g_0/cm**3), 'conventional_water': UnitQuantity('H2O', 1000.0 * kg*g_0/m**3), 'coulomb': UnitQuantity('coulomb', 1.0 * s*A, 'C'), 'count': UnitQuantity('count', 1.0 * dimensionless, 'ct'), 'counts': UnitQuantity('count', 1.0 * dimensionless, 'ct'), 'cps': UnitQuantity('counts_per_second', 1.0 * ct/s), 'cu_diffflux': 1 (1/cm**2 /sr /eV / s), 'cu_ediffflux': 1 (eV/cm**2 /sr /eV/s), 'cu_eflux': 1 (eV/cm**2 /s), 'cu_flux': 1 (1 /cm**2 /s), 'cu_gfactor': 1 (cm**2 * sr * eV/eV), 'cu_pflux': 1 (1 /cm**2 /s), 'cubic_centimeter': UnitQuantity('cubic_centimeter', 1.0 * cm**3, 'cc'), 'cup': UnitQuantity('cup', 0.5 * pt), 'curie': UnitQuantity('curie', 37000000000.0 * Bq, 'Ci'), 'cycle': UnitQuantity('turn', 6.283185307179586 * rad), 'd': UnitTime('day', 24.0 * h, 'd'), 'dalton': UnitMass('atomic_mass_unit', 1.660538782e-27 * kg, 'u'), 'darcy': UnitQuantity('darcy', 9.869233e-13 * m**2, 'D'), 'day': UnitTime('day', 24.0 * h, 'd'), 'deg': UnitQuantity('arcdegree', 0.017453292519943295 * rad, 'deg'), 'degC': UnitTemperature('Celsius', 1.0 * K, 'degC'), 'degF': UnitTemperature('Fahrenheit', 1.0 * degR, 'degF'), 'degK': UnitTemperature('Kelvin', 'K'), 'degR': UnitTemperature('Rankine', 0.5555555555555556 * K, 'degR'), 'degree': UnitQuantity('arcdegree', 0.017453292519943295 * rad, 'deg'), 'degrees': UnitQuantity('arcdegree', 0.017453292519943295 * rad, 'deg'), 'degrees_E': UnitQuantity('degrees_east', 1.0 * deg, 'degE'), 'degrees_N': UnitQuantity('degrees_north', 1.0 * deg, 'degN'), 'degrees_T': UnitQuantity('degrees_true', 1.0 * deg, 'degT'), 'degrees_W': UnitQuantity('degrees_west', 1.0 * deg, 'degW'), 'degrees_east': UnitQuantity('degrees_east', 1.0 * deg, 'degE'), 'degrees_north': UnitQuantity('degrees_north', 1.0 * deg, 'degN'), 'degrees_true': UnitQuantity('degrees_true', 1.0 * deg, 'degT'), 'degrees_west': UnitQuantity('degrees_west', 1.0 * deg, 'degW'), 'denier': UnitQuantity('denier', 0.00011111111111111112 * g/m), 'dimensionless': Dimensionless('dimensionless', 1.0 * dimensionless), 'dr': UnitMass('dram', 0.0625 * oz, 'dr'), 'drachm': UnitMass('drachm', 60.0 * gr), 'dram': UnitMass('dram', 0.0625 * oz, 'dr'), 'dry_pint': UnitQuantity('US_dry_pint', 0.5 * US_dry_quart), 'dry_quart': UnitQuantity('US_dry_quart', 0.25 * US_dry_gallon), 'dtex': UnitQuantity('dtex', 0.0001 * g/m), 'dwt': UnitMass('pennyweight', 24.0 * gr, 'dwt'), 'dynamic': UnitQuantity('standard_gravity', 9.80665 * m/s**2, 'g_0'), 'dyne': UnitQuantity('dyne', 1.0 * g*cm/s**2, 'dyn'), 'e': UnitQuantity('elementary_charge', 1.602176487e-19 * C, 'e'), 'eV': UnitQuantity('electron_volt', 1.60217653e-19 * J, 'eV'), 'eVT': UnitQuantity('electron_volt_temperature', 11604.5052897 * K, 'eVT'), 'eV_asE': UnitQuantity('electron_volt', 1.60217653e-19 * J, 'eV'), 'eV_asT': UnitQuantity('electron_volt_temperature', 11604.5052897 * K, 'eVT'), 'electric_constant': UnitQuantity('electric_constant', 1.0 * 1/(c**2*mu_0), 'epsilon_0'), 'electric_horsepower': UnitQuantity('electric_horsepower', 746.0 * W), 'electron_volt': UnitQuantity('electron_volt', 1.60217653e-19 * J, 'eV'), 'elementary_charge': UnitQuantity('elementary_charge', 1.602176487e-19 * C, 'e'), 'eon': UnitTime('eon', 1000000000.0 * yr), 'epsilon_0': UnitQuantity('electric_constant', 1.0 * 1/(c**2*mu_0), 'epsilon_0'), 'erg': UnitQuantity('erg', 1.0 * cm*dyn), 'esu': UnitQuantity('statcoulomb', 1.0 * cm**0.5*erg**0.5, 'esu'), 'esu_per_second': UnitCurrent('statampere', 1.0 * esu/s, '(esu/s)'), 'exabyte': UnitInformation('exabyte', 1000.0 * PB, 'EB'), 'exbibyte': UnitInformation('exbibyte', 1024.0 * PiB, 'EiB'), 'fahrenheit': UnitTemperature('Fahrenheit', 1.0 * degR, 'degF'), 'farad': UnitQuantity('farad', 1.0 * C/V, 'F'), 'faraday': UnitQuantity('faraday', 96485.3399 * C), 'fathom': UnitLength('fathom', 6.0 * US_survey_foot), 'femtometer': UnitLength('femtometer', 0.001 * pm, 'fm'), 'femtometre': UnitLength('femtometer', 0.001 * pm, 'fm'), 'femtosecond': UnitTime('femtosecond', 0.001 * ps, 'fs'), 'fermi': UnitLength('femtometer', 0.001 * pm, 'fm'), 'firkin': UnitQuantity('firkin', 0.25 * bbl), 'fldr': UnitQuantity('fluid_dram', 0.125 * fl_oz, 'fldr'), 'floz': UnitQuantity('US_fluid_ounce', 0.25 * gill, 'fl_oz'), 'fluid_dram': UnitQuantity('fluid_dram', 0.125 * fl_oz, 'fldr'), 'fluid_ounce': UnitQuantity('US_fluid_ounce', 0.25 * gill, 'fl_oz'), 'fluidram': UnitQuantity('fluid_dram', 0.125 * fl_oz, 'fldr'), 'fm': UnitLength('femtometer', 0.001 * pm, 'fm'), 'foot': UnitLength('foot', 12.0 * in, 'ft'), 'footH2O': UnitQuantity('footH2O', 1.0 * ft*H2O), 'foot_H2O': UnitQuantity('foot_H2O', 1.0 * ft*H2O), 'force_gram': UnitQuantity('gram_force', 1.0 * g*g_0, 'gf'), 'force_kilogram': UnitQuantity('kilogram_force', 1.0 * kg*g_0, 'kgf'), 'force_ounce': UnitQuantity('ounce_force', 1.0 * oz*g_0, 'ozf'), 'force_pound': UnitQuantity('pound_force', 1.0 * lb*g_0, 'lbf'), 'force_ton': UnitQuantity('ton_force', 2000.0 * lbf), 'fortnight': UnitTime('fortnight', 2.0 * week), 'franklin': UnitQuantity('statcoulomb', 1.0 * cm**0.5*erg**0.5, 'esu'), 'free_fall': UnitQuantity('standard_gravity', 9.80665 * m/s**2, 'g_0'), 'fs': UnitTime('femtosecond', 0.001 * ps, 'fs'), 'ft': UnitLength('foot', 12.0 * in, 'ft'), 'ftH2O': UnitQuantity('foot_H2O', 1.0 * ft*H2O), 'furlong': UnitLength('furlong', 660.0 * US_survey_foot), 'g': UnitMass('gram', 0.001 * kg, 'g'), 'g_0': UnitQuantity('standard_gravity', 9.80665 * m/s**2, 'g_0'), 'g_n': UnitQuantity('standard_gravity', 9.80665 * m/s**2, 'g_0'), 'gallon': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_gallon', 231.0 * in**3), 'gamma': UnitQuantity('gamma', 1e-09 * T), 'gauss': UnitQuantity('gauss', 0.0001 * T, 'G'), 'gee': UnitQuantity('standard_gravity', 9.80665 * m/s**2, 'g_0'), 'geopotential': UnitQuantity('standard_gravity', 9.80665 * m/s**2, 'g_0'), 'gf': UnitQuantity('gram_force', 1.0 * g*g_0, 'gf'), 'gibibyte': UnitInformation('gibibyte', 1024.0 * MiB, 'GiB'), 'gigabar': UnitQuantity('gigabar', 1000.0 * Mbar, 'Gbar'), 'gigabyte': UnitInformation('gigabyte', 1000.0 * MB, 'GB'), 'gigahertz': UnitQuantity('gigahertz', 1000.0 * MHz, 'GHz'), 'gigaliter': UnitQuantity('gigaliter', 1000.0 * ML, 'GL'), 'gigalitre': UnitQuantity('gigaliter', 1000.0 * ML, 'GL'), 'gigapascal': UnitQuantity('gigapascal', 1000.0 * MPa, 'GPa'), 'gigawatt_hour': UnitQuantity('gigawatt_hour', 1000.0 * MWh, 'GWh'), 'gigawatthour': UnitQuantity('gigawatt_hour', 1000.0 * MWh, 'GWh'), 'gilbert': UnitQuantity('gilbert', 0.7957747154594768 * ampere_turn, 'Gi'), 'gill': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_gill', 0.5 * cup, 'gill'), 'gp': UnitQuantity('standard_gravity', 9.80665 * m/s**2, 'g_0'), 'gr': UnitMass('grain', 64.79891 * mg, 'gr'), 'grad': UnitQuantity('grad', 0.9 * deg), 'grade': UnitQuantity('grad', 0.9 * deg), 'grain': UnitMass('grain', 64.79891 * mg, 'gr'), 'gram': UnitMass('gram', 0.001 * kg, 'g'), 'gram_force': UnitQuantity('gram_force', 1.0 * g*g_0, 'gf'), 'gravity': UnitQuantity('standard_gravity', 9.80665 * m/s**2, 'g_0'), 'gray': UnitQuantity('gray', 1.0 * J/kg, 'Gy'), 'gross_register_ton': UnitQuantity('gross_register_ton', 100.0 * ft**3, 'GRT'), 'h': UnitTime('hour', 60.0 * min, 'h'), 'h2o': UnitQuantity('H2O', 1000.0 * kg*g_0/m**3), 'hPa': UnitQuantity('hectopascal', 100.0 * Pa, 'hPa'), 'ha': UnitQuantity('hectare', 10000.0 * m**2, 'ha'), 'hartree': UnitQuantity('hartree', 4.35974394e-18 * J, 'E_h'), 'hartree_energy': UnitQuantity('hartree', 4.35974394e-18 * J, 'E_h'), 'hectare': UnitQuantity('hectare', 10000.0 * m**2, 'ha'), 'hectopascal': UnitQuantity('hectopascal', 100.0 * Pa, 'hPa'), 'henry': UnitQuantity('henry', 1.0 * Wb/A, 'H'), 'hertz': UnitQuantity('hertz', 1.0 * 1/s, 'Hz'), 'horsepower': UnitQuantity('horsepower', 33000.0 * ft*lbf/min, 'hp'), 'hour': UnitTime('hour', 60.0 * min, 'h'), 'hp': UnitQuantity('horsepower', 33000.0 * ft*lbf/min, 'hp'), 'hr': UnitTime('hour', 60.0 * min, 'h'), 'impedence_of_free_space': UnitQuantity('characteristic_impedance_of_vacuum', 1.0 * c*mu_0, 'Z_0'), 'inHg': UnitQuantity('inHg', 1.0 * in*conventional_mercury), 'in_Hg': UnitQuantity('inHg', 1.0 * in*conventional_mercury), 'inch': UnitLength('inch', 2.54 * cm, 'in'), 'inch_H2O_39F': UnitQuantity('inch_H2O_39F', 1.0 * in*water_4C), 'inch_H2O_60F': UnitQuantity('inch_H2O_60F', 1.0 * in*water_60F), 'inch_Hg': UnitQuantity('inHg', 1.0 * in*conventional_mercury), 'inch_Hg_32F': UnitQuantity('inHg', 1.0 * in*conventional_mercury), 'inch_Hg_60F': UnitQuantity('inch_Hg_60F', 1.0 * in*mercury_60F), 'international_acre': UnitQuantity('acre', 4046.8564224 * m**2), 'international_foot': UnitLength('foot', 12.0 * in, 'ft'), 'international_inch': UnitLength('inch', 2.54 * cm, 'in'), 'international_knot': UnitQuantity('nautical_miles_per_hour', 1.0 * nmi/h, 'kt'), 'international_mile': UnitLength('mile', 5280.0 * ft, 'mi'), 'international_steam_table_calorie': UnitQuantity('international_steam_table_calorie', 4.1868 * J, 'cal_IT'), 'international_yard': UnitLength('yard', 3.0 * ft, 'yd'), 'joule': UnitQuantity('joule', 1.0 * m*N, 'J'), 'kB': UnitInformation('kilobyte', 1000.0 * B, 'kB'), 'kHz': UnitQuantity('kilohertz', 1000.0 * Hz, 'kHz'), 'kL': UnitQuantity('kiloliter', 1000.0 * L, 'kL'), 'kOhm': UnitQuantity('kiloohm', 1000.0 * ohm), 'kPa': UnitQuantity('kilopascal', 1000.0 * Pa, 'kPa'), 'kV': UnitQuantity('kilovolt', 1000.0 * V, 'kV'), 'kW': UnitQuantity('kilowatt', 1000.0 * W, 'kW'), 'kWh': UnitQuantity('kilowatt_hour', 1000.0 * Wh, 'kWh'), 'kayser': UnitQuantity('kayser', 1.0 * 1/cm), 'kbar': UnitQuantity('kilobar', 1000.0 * bar, 'kbar'), 'keV': UnitQuantity('keV', 1000.0 * eV), 'kelvin': UnitTemperature('Kelvin', 'K'), 'kg': UnitMass('kilogram', 'kg'), 'kgf': UnitQuantity('kilogram_force', 1.0 * kg*g_0, 'kgf'), 'kibibyte': UnitInformation('kibibyte', 1024.0 * B, 'KiB'), 'kilobar': UnitQuantity('kilobar', 1000.0 * bar, 'kbar'), 'kilobyte': UnitInformation('kilobyte', 1000.0 * B, 'kB'), 'kilogram': UnitMass('kilogram', 'kg'), 'kilogram_force': UnitQuantity('kilogram_force', 1.0 * kg*g_0, 'kgf'), 'kilohertz': UnitQuantity('kilohertz', 1000.0 * Hz, 'kHz'), 'kiloliter': UnitQuantity('kiloliter', 1000.0 * L, 'kL'), 'kilolitre': UnitQuantity('kiloliter', 1000.0 * L, 'kL'), 'kilometer': UnitLength('kilometer', 1000.0 * m, 'km'), 'kilometre': UnitLength('kilometer', 1000.0 * m, 'km'), 'kilopascal': UnitQuantity('kilopascal', 1000.0 * Pa, 'kPa'), 'kilosecond': UnitTime('kilosecond', 1000.0 * s, 'ks'), 'kilovolt': UnitQuantity('kilovolt', 1000.0 * V, 'kV'), 'kilowatt': UnitQuantity('kilowatt', 1000.0 * W, 'kW'), 'kilowatt_hour': UnitQuantity('kilowatt_hour', 1000.0 * Wh, 'kWh'), 'kilowatthour': UnitQuantity('kilowatt_hour', 1000.0 * Wh, 'kWh'), 'kip': UnitQuantity('kip', 1000.0 * lbf), 'kip_per_square_inch': UnitQuantity('kip_per_square_inch', 1.0 * kip/in**2, 'ksi'), 'km': UnitLength('kilometer', 1000.0 * m, 'km'), 'knot': UnitQuantity('nautical_miles_per_hour', 1.0 * nmi/h, 'kt'), 'knot_international': UnitQuantity('nautical_miles_per_hour', 1.0 * nmi/h, 'kt'), 'ko': UnitInformation('kilobyte', 1000.0 * B, 'kB'), 'ks': UnitTime('kilosecond', 1000.0 * s, 'ks'), 'ksi': UnitQuantity('kip_per_square_inch', 1.0 * kip/in**2, 'ksi'), 'kt': UnitQuantity('nautical_miles_per_hour', 1.0 * nmi/h, 'kt'), 'l': UnitQuantity('liter', 0.001 * m**3, 'L'), 'lb': UnitMass('pound', 0.45359237 * kg, 'lb'), 'lbf': UnitQuantity('pound_force', 1.0 * lb*g_0, 'lbf'), 'leap_year': UnitTime('leap_year', 366.0 * d), 'light_year': UnitLength('light_year', 9460730472580.8 * km, 'ly'), 'liquid_gallon': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_gallon', 231.0 * in**3), 'liquid_pint': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_pint', 0.5 * quart, 'pt'), 'liquid_quart': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_quart', 0.25 * US_liquid_gallon, 'quart'), 'liter': UnitQuantity('liter', 0.001 * m**3, 'L'), 'litre': UnitQuantity('liter', 0.001 * m**3, 'L'), 'long_hundredweight': UnitMass('long_hundredweight', 112.0 * lb), 'long_ton': UnitMass('long_ton', 2240.0 * lb), 'lunar_month': UnitTime('synodic_month', 29.530589 * d), 'ly': UnitLength('light_year', 9460730472580.8 * km, 'ly'), 'm': UnitLength('meter', 'm'), 'mA': UnitCurrent('milliampere', 0.001 * A, 'mA'), 'mC': UnitQuantity('millicoulomb', 0.001 * C, 'mC'), 'mD': UnitQuantity('millidarcy', 0.001 * D, 'mD'), 'mF': UnitQuantity('millifarad', 0.001 * F, 'mF'), 'mL': UnitQuantity('milliliter', 0.001 * L, 'mL'), 'mM': UnitQuantity('millimolar', 0.001 * M, 'mM'), 'mS': UnitQuantity('millisiemens', 0.001 * S, 'mS'), 'mV': UnitQuantity('millivolt', 0.001 * V, 'mV'), 'mW': UnitQuantity('milliwatt', 0.001 * W, 'mW'), 'magnetic_constant': UnitQuantity('magnetic_constant', 1.2566370614359173e-06 * N/A**2, 'mu_0'), 'maxwell': UnitQuantity('maxwell', 1e-08 * Wb, 'Mx'), 'mb': UnitQuantity('millibar', 0.001 * bar, 'mb'), 'mbar': UnitQuantity('millibar', 0.001 * bar, 'mb'), 'meV': UnitQuantity('meV', 0.001 * eV), 'mebibyte': UnitInformation('mebibyte', 1024.0 * KiB, 'MiB'), 'megabar': UnitQuantity('megabar', 1000.0 * kbar, 'Mbar'), 'megabyte': UnitInformation('megabyte', 1000.0 * kB, 'MB'), 'megahertz': UnitQuantity('megahertz', 1000.0 * kHz, 'MHz'), 'megaliter': UnitQuantity('megaliter', 1000.0 * kL, 'ML'), 'megalitre': UnitQuantity('megaliter', 1000.0 * kL, 'ML'), 'megapascal': UnitQuantity('megapascal', 1000.0 * kPa, 'MPa'), 'megasecond': UnitTime('megasecond', 1000.0 * ks, 'Ms'), 'megawatt': UnitQuantity('megawatt', 1000.0 * kW, 'MW'), 'megawatt_hour': UnitQuantity('megawatt_hour', 1000.0 * kWh, 'MWh'), 'megawatthour': UnitQuantity('megawatt_hour', 1000.0 * kWh, 'MWh'), 'mercury': UnitQuantity('conventional_mercury', 13.5951 * g*g_0/cm**3), 'mercury_60F': UnitQuantity('mercury_60F', 13556.8 * kg*g_0/m**3), 'meter': UnitLength('meter', 'm'), 'metre': UnitLength('meter', 'm'), 'metric_horsepower': UnitQuantity('metric_horsepower', 0.73549875 * kW), 'metric_ton': UnitMass('tonne', 1000.0 * kg, 't'), 'mg': UnitMass('milligram', 0.001 * g, 'mg'), 'mi': UnitLength('mile', 5280.0 * ft, 'mi'), 'microampere': UnitCurrent('microampere', 0.001 * mA, 'uA'), 'microcoulomb': UnitQuantity('microcoulomb', 1e-06 * C, 'uC'), 'micrometer': UnitLength('micrometer', 0.001 * mm, 'um'), 'micrometre': UnitLength('micrometer', 0.001 * mm, 'um'), 'micromolar': UnitQuantity('micromolar', 0.001 * mM, 'uM'), 'micron': UnitLength('micrometer', 0.001 * mm, 'um'), 'microradian': UnitQuantity('microradian', 0.001 * mrad, 'urad'), 'microsecond': UnitTime('microsecond', 0.001 * ms, 'us'), 'microsiemens': UnitQuantity('microsiemens', 0.001 * mS, 'uS'), 'microvolt': UnitQuantity('microvolt', 1e-06 * V, 'uV'), 'mil': UnitLength('mil', 0.001 * in), 'mile': UnitLength('mile', 5280.0 * ft, 'mi'), 'millenium': UnitTime('millenium', 1000.0 * yr), 'milliamp': UnitCurrent('milliampere', 0.001 * A, 'mA'), 'milliampere': UnitCurrent('milliampere', 0.001 * A, 'mA'), 'millibar': UnitQuantity('millibar', 0.001 * bar, 'mb'), 'millicoulomb': UnitQuantity('millicoulomb', 0.001 * C, 'mC'), 'millidarcy': UnitQuantity('millidarcy', 0.001 * D, 'mD'), 'milligram': UnitMass('milligram', 0.001 * g, 'mg'), 'milliliter': UnitQuantity('cubic_centimeter', 1.0 * cm**3, 'cc'), 'millilitre': UnitQuantity('milliliter', 0.001 * L, 'mL'), 'millimeter': UnitLength('millimeter', 0.001 * m, 'mm'), 'millimeter_Hg': UnitQuantity('millimeter_Hg', 1.0 * mm*conventional_mercury, 'mmHg'), 'millimeter_Hg_0C': UnitQuantity('millimeter_Hg', 1.0 * mm*conventional_mercury, 'mmHg'), 'millimetre': UnitLength('millimeter', 0.001 * m, 'mm'), 'millimolar': UnitQuantity('millimolar', 0.001 * M, 'mM'), 'milliradian': UnitQuantity('milliradian', 0.001 * rad, 'mrad'), 'millisecond': UnitTime('millisecond', 0.001 * s, 'ms'), 'millisiemens': UnitQuantity('millisiemens', 0.001 * S, 'mS'), 'millivolt': UnitQuantity('millivolt', 0.001 * V, 'mV'), 'milliwatt': UnitQuantity('milliwatt', 0.001 * W, 'mW'), 'min': UnitTime('minute', 60.0 * s, 'min'), 'minute': UnitTime('minute', 60.0 * s, 'min'), 'mm': UnitLength('millimeter', 0.001 * m, 'mm'), 'mmHg': UnitQuantity('millimeter_Hg', 1.0 * mm*conventional_mercury, 'mmHg'), 'mm_Hg': UnitQuantity('millimeter_Hg', 1.0 * mm*conventional_mercury, 'mmHg'), 'mmol': UnitSubstance('millimole', 0.001 * mol, 'mmol'), 'mol': UnitSubstance('mole', 'mol'), 'molar': UnitQuantity('molar', 1.0 * mol/L, 'M'), 'mole': UnitSubstance('mole', 'mol'), 'month': UnitTime('month', 0.08333333333333333 * yr), 'mrad': UnitQuantity('milliradian', 0.001 * rad, 'mrad'), 'ms': UnitTime('millisecond', 0.001 * s, 'ms'), 'mu_0': UnitQuantity('magnetic_constant', 1.2566370614359173e-06 * N/A**2, 'mu_0'), 'nA': UnitCurrent('nanoampere', 0.001 * uA, 'nA'), 'nF': UnitQuantity('nanofarad', 0.001 * uF, 'nF'), 'nPa': UnitQuantity('nPa', 1e-09 * Pa, 'nPa'), 'nS': UnitQuantity('nanosiemens', 0.001 * uS, 'nS'), 'nT': UnitQuantity('nT', 1e-09 * T, 'nT'), 'nanoamp': UnitCurrent('nanoampere', 0.001 * uA, 'nA'), 'nanoampere': UnitCurrent('nanoampere', 0.001 * uA, 'nA'), 'nanometer': UnitLength('nanometer', 0.001 * um, 'nm'), 'nanometre': UnitLength('nanometer', 0.001 * um, 'nm'), 'nanosecond': UnitTime('nanosecond', 0.001 * us, 'ns'), 'nanosiemens': UnitQuantity('nanosiemens', 0.001 * uS, 'nS'), 'nautical_mile': UnitLength('nautical_mile', 1852.0 * m, 'nmi'), 'newton': UnitQuantity('newton', 1.0 * kg*m/s**2, 'N'), 'nm': UnitLength('nanometer', 0.001 * um, 'nm'), 'nmi': UnitLength('nautical_mile', 1852.0 * m, 'nmi'), 'ns': UnitTime('nanosecond', 0.001 * us, 'ns'), 'o': UnitInformation('byte', 8.0 * bit, 'B'), 'octet': UnitInformation('byte', 8.0 * bit, 'B'), 'oersted': UnitQuantity('oersted', 79.57747154594767 * A/m, 'Oe'), 'ohm': UnitQuantity('ohm', 1.0 * V/A), 'ounce': UnitMass('ounce', 28.349523125 * g, 'oz'), 'ounce_force': UnitQuantity('ounce_force', 1.0 * oz*g_0, 'ozf'), 'oz': UnitMass('ounce', 28.349523125 * g, 'oz'), 'ozf': UnitQuantity('ounce_force', 1.0 * oz*g_0, 'ozf'), 'pA': UnitCurrent('picoampere', 0.001 * nA, 'pA'), 'pF': UnitQuantity('picofarad', 0.001 * nF, 'pF'), 'pS': UnitQuantity('picosiemens', 0.001 * nS, 'pS'), 'parsec': UnitLength('parsec', 3.08568025e+16 * m, 'pc'), 'pascal': UnitQuantity('pascal', 1.0 * N/m**2, 'Pa'), 'pc': UnitLength('parsec', 3.08568025e+16 * m, 'pc'), 'pc_per_cc': 1 (pc/cm**3), 'pebibyte': UnitInformation('pebibyte', 1024.0 * TiB, 'PiB'), 'peck': UnitQuantity('peck', 0.25 * bu, 'pk'), 'pennyweight': UnitMass('pennyweight', 24.0 * gr, 'dwt'), 'percent': UnitQuantity('percent', 0.01 * dimensionless, '%'), 'perch': UnitLength('rod', 16.5 * US_survey_foot), 'petabyte': UnitInformation('petabyte', 1000.0 * TB, 'PB'), 'physical_faraday': UnitQuantity('physical_faraday', 96521.9 * C), 'pica': UnitLength('pica', 12.0 * point), 'picoamp': UnitCurrent('picoampere', 0.001 * nA, 'pA'), 'picoampere': UnitCurrent('picoampere', 0.001 * nA, 'pA'), 'picometer': UnitLength('picometer', 0.001 * nm, 'pm'), 'picometre': UnitLength('picometer', 0.001 * nm, 'pm'), 'picosecond': UnitTime('picosecond', 0.001 * ns, 'ps'), 'picosiemens': UnitQuantity('picosiemens', 0.001 * nS, 'pS'), 'pint': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_pint', 0.5 * quart, 'pt'), 'pk': UnitQuantity('peck', 0.25 * bu, 'pk'), 'pm': UnitLength('picometer', 0.001 * nm, 'pm'), 'point': UnitLength('printers_point', 0.3527777777777778 * mm, 'point'), 'poise': UnitQuantity('poise', 0.1 * s*Pa, 'P'), 'pole': UnitLength('rod', 16.5 * US_survey_foot), 'pond': UnitQuantity('pond', 1.0 * kg*g_0, 'p'), 'pound': UnitMass('pound', 0.45359237 * kg, 'lb'), 'pound_force': UnitQuantity('pound_force', 1.0 * lb*g_0, 'lbf'), 'pound_force_per_square_inch': UnitQuantity('pound_force_per_square_inch', 1.0 * lb*g_0/in**2, 'psi'), 'poundal': UnitQuantity('poundal', 1.0 * lb*ft/s**2, 'pdl'), 'printers_point': UnitLength('printers_point', 0.3527777777777778 * mm, 'point'), 'ps': UnitTime('picosecond', 0.001 * ns, 'ps'), 'psi': UnitQuantity('pound_force_per_square_inch', 1.0 * lb*g_0/in**2, 'psi'), 'pt': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_pint', 0.5 * quart, 'pt'), 'q': UnitQuantity('elementary_charge', 1.602176487e-19 * C, 'e'), 'qe': UnitQuantity('elementary_charge', 1.602176487e-19 * C, 'e'), 'quart': UnitQuantity('US_liquid_quart', 0.25 * US_liquid_gallon, 'quart'), 'rad': UnitQuantity('radian', 1.0 * dimensionless, 'rad'), 'radian': UnitQuantity('radian', 1.0 * dimensionless, 'rad'), 'radians': UnitQuantity('radian', 1.0 * dimensionless, 'rad'), 'rads': UnitQuantity('rads', 0.01 * Gy), 'rankine': UnitTemperature('Rankine', 0.5555555555555556 * K, 'degR'), 'rd': UnitQuantity('rutherford', 1000000.0 * Bq, 'Rd'), 'refrigeration_ton': UnitQuantity('refrigeration_ton', 12000.0 * BTU/h), 'register_ton': UnitQuantity('gross_register_ton', 100.0 * ft**3, 'GRT'), 'rem': UnitQuantity('rem', 0.01 * Gy), 'revolution': UnitQuantity('turn', 6.283185307179586 * rad), 'revolutions_per_minute': UnitQuantity('revolutions_per_minute', 1.0 * turn/min, 'rpm'), 'rhe': UnitQuantity('rhe', 10.0 * 1/(s*Pa)), 'rod': UnitLength('rod', 16.5 * US_survey_foot), 'roentgen': UnitQuantity('roentgen', 0.000258 * C/kg, 'R'), 'rpm': UnitQuantity('revolutions_per_minute', 1.0 * turn/min, 'rpm'), 'rps': UnitQuantity('hertz', 1.0 * 1/s, 'Hz'), 'rutherford': UnitQuantity('rutherford', 1000000.0 * Bq, 'Rd'), 'rydberg_energy': UnitQuantity('rydberg_energy', 0.5 * E_h, 'E_Ry'), 's': UnitTime('second', 's'), 'scruple': UnitMass('scruple', 20.0 * gr), 'sec': UnitTime('second', 's'), 'second': UnitTime('second', 's'), 'shake': UnitTime('shake', 1e-08 * s), 'short_hundredweight': UnitMass('short_hundredweight', 100.0 * lb), 'short_ton': UnitMass('short_ton', 2000.0 * lb), 'sidereal_day': UnitTime('sidereal_day', 0.997269566329084 * d), 'sidereal_hour': UnitTime('sidereal_hour', 0.041666666666666664 * sidereal_day), 'sidereal_minute': UnitTime('sidereal_minute', 0.016666666666666666 * sidereal_hour), 'sidereal_month': UnitTime('sidereal_month', 27.321661 * d), 'sidereal_second': UnitTime('sidereal_second', 0.016666666666666666 * sidereal_minute), 'sidereal_year': UnitTime('sidereal_year', 366.25636042 * sidereal_day), 'siemens': UnitQuantity('siemens', 1.0 * A/V, 'S'), 'sievert': UnitQuantity('gray', 1.0 * J/kg, 'Gy'), 'slug': UnitMass('slug', 14.5939 * kg), 'slugs': UnitMass('slug', 14.5939 * kg), 'speed_of_light': UnitQuantity('speed_of_light', 299792458.0 * m/s, 'c'), 'sr': UnitQuantity('steradian', 1.0 * rad**2, 'sr'), 'st': UnitMass('stone', 14.0 * lb, 'st'), 'stF': UnitQuantity('statfarad', 1.11265e-12 * F, 'stF'), 'stH': UnitQuantity('stathenry', 898755400000.0 * H, 'stH'), 'stS': UnitQuantity('statmho', 1.11265e-12 * S, 'stS'), 'stV': UnitQuantity('statvolt', 299.7925 * V, 'stV'), 'standard_atmosphere': UnitQuantity('standard_atmosphere', 101325.0 * Pa, 'atm'), 'standard_free_fall': UnitQuantity('standard_gravity', 9.80665 * m/s**2, 'g_0'), 'standard_gravity': UnitQuantity('standard_gravity', 9.80665 * m/s**2, 'g_0'), 'statC': UnitQuantity('statcoulomb', 1.0 * cm**0.5*erg**0.5, 'esu'), 'statF': UnitQuantity('statfarad', 1.11265e-12 * F, 'stF'), 'statH': UnitQuantity('stathenry', 898755400000.0 * H, 'stH'), 'statS': UnitQuantity('statmho', 1.11265e-12 * S, 'stS'), 'statV': UnitQuantity('statvolt', 299.7925 * V, 'stV'), 'statampere': UnitCurrent('statampere', 1.0 * esu/s, '(esu/s)'), 'statcoulomb': UnitQuantity('statcoulomb', 1.0 * cm**0.5*erg**0.5, 'esu'), 'statfarad': UnitQuantity('statfarad', 1.11265e-12 * F, 'stF'), 'stathenry': UnitQuantity('stathenry', 898755400000.0 * H, 'stH'), 'statmho': UnitQuantity('statmho', 1.11265e-12 * S, 'stS'), 'statohm': UnitQuantity('statohm', 898755400000.0 * ohm), 'statvolt': UnitQuantity('statvolt', 299.7925 * V, 'stV'), 'ster': UnitQuantity('steradian', 1.0 * rad**2, 'sr'), 'steradian': UnitQuantity('steradian', 1.0 * rad**2, 'sr'), 'stere': UnitQuantity('stere', 1.0 * m**3), 'stokes': UnitQuantity('stokes', 0.0001 * m**2/s, 'St'), 'stone': UnitMass('stone', 14.0 * lb, 'st'), 'synodic_month': UnitTime('synodic_month', 29.530589 * d), 't': UnitMass('tonne', 1000.0 * kg, 't'), 'tablespoon': UnitQuantity('tablespoon', 0.5 * fl_oz, 'tbsp'), 'tblsp': UnitQuantity('tablespoon', 0.5 * fl_oz, 'tbsp'), 'tbs': UnitQuantity('tablespoon', 0.5 * fl_oz, 'tbsp'), 'tbsp': UnitQuantity('tablespoon', 0.5 * fl_oz, 'tbsp'), 'teaspoon': UnitQuantity('teaspoon', 0.3333333333333333 * tbsp, 'tsp'), 'tebibyte': UnitInformation('tebibyte', 1024.0 * GiB, 'TiB'), 'technical_atmosphere': UnitQuantity('technical_atmosphere', 1.0 * kg*g_0/cm**2, 'at'), 'terabyte': UnitInformation('terabyte', 1000.0 * GB, 'TB'), 'tesla': UnitQuantity('tesla', 1.0 * Wb/m**2, 'T'), 'tex': UnitQuantity('tex', 0.001 * g/m), 'therm': UnitQuantity('EC_therm', 100000.0 * BTU, 'thm'), 'thermochemical_calorie': UnitQuantity('thermochemical_calorie', 4.184 * J, 'cal'), 'thm': UnitQuantity('EC_therm', 100000.0 * BTU, 'thm'), 'thou': UnitLength('mil', 0.001 * in), 'ton': UnitMass('short_ton', 2000.0 * lb), 'ton_TNT': UnitQuantity('ton_TNT', 4184000000.0 * J, 'tTNT'), 'ton_force': UnitQuantity('ton_force', 2000.0 * lbf), 'ton_of_refrigeration': UnitQuantity('refrigeration_ton', 12000.0 * BTU/h), 'tonne': UnitMass('tonne', 1000.0 * kg, 't'), 'torr': UnitQuantity('torr', 0.0013157894736842105 * atm), 'toz': UnitMass('troy_ounce', 480.0 * gr, 'toz'), 'tropical_month': UnitTime('tropical_month', 27.321582 * d), 'tropical_year': UnitTime('year', 31556925.9747 * s, 'yr'), 'troy_ounce': UnitMass('troy_ounce', 480.0 * gr, 'toz'), 'troy_pound': UnitMass('troy_pound', 12.0 * toz, 'tlb'), 'tsp': UnitQuantity('teaspoon', 0.3333333333333333 * tbsp, 'tsp'), 'turn': UnitQuantity('turn', 6.283185307179586 * rad), 'turns': UnitQuantity('turn', 6.283185307179586 * rad), 'u': UnitMass('atomic_mass_unit', 1.660538782e-27 * kg, 'u'), 'uA': UnitCurrent('microampere', 0.001 * mA, 'uA'), 'uC': UnitQuantity('microcoulomb', 1e-06 * C, 'uC'), 'uF': UnitQuantity('microfarad', 0.001 * mF, 'uF'), 'uM': UnitQuantity('micromolar', 0.001 * mM, 'uM'), 'uS': UnitQuantity('microsiemens', 0.001 * mS, 'uS'), 'uV': UnitQuantity('microvolt', 1e-06 * V, 'uV'), 'um': UnitLength('micrometer', 0.001 * mm, 'um'), 'umol': UnitSubstance('micromole', 0.001 * mmol, 'umol'), 'unit_pole': UnitQuantity('unit_pole', 1.256637e-07 * Wb), 'urad': UnitQuantity('microradian', 0.001 * mrad, 'urad'), 'us': UnitTime('microsecond', 0.001 * ms, 'us'), 'vacuum_permeability': UnitQuantity('magnetic_constant', 1.2566370614359173e-06 * N/A**2, 'mu_0'), 'vacuum_permittivity': UnitQuantity('electric_constant', 1.0 * 1/(c**2*mu_0), 'epsilon_0'), 'volt': UnitQuantity('volt', 1.0 * J/C, 'V'), 'volt_ampere': UnitQuantity('watt', 1.0 * J/s, 'W'), 'water': UnitQuantity('H2O', 1000.0 * kg*g_0/m**3), 'water_39F': UnitQuantity('water_4C', 999.972 * kg*g_0/m**3), 'water_4C': UnitQuantity('water_4C', 999.972 * kg*g_0/m**3), 'water_60F': UnitQuantity('water_60F', 999.001 * kg*g_0/m**3), 'water_horsepower': UnitQuantity('water_horsepower', 746.043 * W), 'watt': UnitQuantity('watt', 1.0 * J/s, 'W'), 'watt_hour': UnitQuantity('watt_hour', 1.0 * h*J/s, 'Wh'), 'watthour': UnitQuantity('watt_hour', 1.0 * h*J/s, 'Wh'), 'wavenumber': UnitQuantity('kayser', 1.0 * 1/cm), 'weber': UnitQuantity('weber', 1.0 * s*V, 'Wb'), 'week': UnitTime('week', 7.0 * d), 'work_month': UnitQuantity('work_month', 0.08333333333333333 * work_year), 'work_year': UnitQuantity('work_year', 2056.0 * h), 'yard': UnitLength('yard', 3.0 * ft, 'yd'), 'yd': UnitLength('yard', 3.0 * ft, 'yd'), 'year': UnitTime('year', 31556925.9747 * s, 'yr'), 'yobibyte': UnitInformation('yobibyte', 1024.0 * ZiB, 'YiB'), 'yottabyte': UnitInformation('yottabyte', 1000.0 * ZB, 'YB'), 'yr': UnitTime('year', 31556925.9747 * s, 'yr'), 'zebibyte': UnitInformation('zebibyte', 1024.0 * EiB, 'ZiB'), 'zettabyte': UnitInformation('zettabyte', 1000.0 * EB, 'ZB')}

A dictionary of unit.

It maps the name of the unit and the UnitQuantity object.

irfpy.util.unitq.nit(string_units, verbose=False)

Return the unit object corresponding to the given expression

>>> import irfpy.util.unitq as u
>>> print(3 * u.nit('kg'))
3.0 kg

As you see the above example, the name comes for above convenstion :).

Each unit should be one word: 'kg' or 's'. For the multiple of units, separate by space or aster or dot.: e.g. 'J s' or 'J*s' or 'J.s'. 'Js' not allowed. Devision is '/'. '1/s', m/s. For the power, you may use ** or ^. No space before and after the operator. e.g. 'm2', 'm^2' or 'm**2’

Anyway, it is highly recommended to make * or space between units and numbers to multiply. Also, ‘^’ is recommended to be added, but not spaces around. ('m2' and 'm 2' provide different result. 'm^2' and 'm*2')

Parenthesis () not supported.

>>> print(u.nit('m'))
1 m (meter)
>>> print(u.nit(' 3 m'))
3.0 m
>>> print(u.nit('m/s'))
1.0 m/s
>>> print(u.nit('J s'))
1.0 s*J
>>> print(u.nit('J2 s'))
1.0 s*J**2
>>> print(u.nit('J2 s-2'))
1.0 J**2/s**2
>>> print(u.nit('J3 s-1 .8'))
0.8 J**3/s
>>> print(u.nit('3 / 2'))   # Even usual number calculation.
1.5
>>> #  print u.nit('3**2')    ## But this is not possible
>>> print(u.nit('s0.5'))   # Fractional unit ok.
1.0 s**0.5
>>> #print u.nit('3.s')   # Will be error
>>> #print u.nit('.3s')   # Will be error
>>> print(u.nit('s.K 3.'))
3.0 s*K
>>> #print u.nit('s.K3.') # Will be error
>>> print(u.nit('m2'))
1.0 m**2
>>> print(u.nit('m 2'))
2.0 m
>>> print(u.nit('m^2'))
1.0 m**2
>>> print(u.nit('m*2'))
2.0 m

It will guess the SI prefix.

>>> print(u.nit('pC'))   # Pico coulon
1e-12 C
>>> pprint(u.nit('TeV').rescale('eV'), fmt='%.2e')   # Tera eV
1.00e+12 eV

Differential flux, for example

>>> print(u.nit('3e8 /cm2 /sr /s /eV'))
300000000.0 1/(cm**2*s*sr*eV)
>>> pprint(u.nit('3e8 /cm2 /sr /s /eV').simplified, fmt='%.3e')
1.872e+31 s/(kg*m**4)

>>> print(nit('3 /cm2 nm sr/s J/A cd'))  # I don't know this unit...
3.0 nm*cd*sr*J/(cm**2*s*A)
>>> pprint(nit('3 /cm2 nm sr/s J/A cd').simplified, fmt='%.2e')  # I don't know this unit...
3.00e-05 kg*m*cd/(s**3*A)

irfpy.util.unitq.unit(string_units, verbose=False)

An alias

irfpy.util.unitq.make_unitful_function(func, unitlist, runit, offset=0)

Make unitful function.

Parameters

• func – Physical function (formula)

• unitful – List of the unit in the order of the argument of func.

• runit – Unit of the returned value of func.

• offset – If set, the unitlist is started to be applied to the argument after offset. This is used for when this function is applied for an object method, whose 0-th argument is the object.

When you implement a physical function (or formula), it is usually a good idea to have internal expression of float or numpy.array.

This is usually very fast, and easy to extend.

On the other hand, you may also want to make “unitful” version, particularly for step-by-step calculation in the interactive shell.

This function produces a function of “unitful” version from the float or numpy.array version of function.

Example follows.

>>> import irfpy.util.unitq as u

>>> def PE(m_si, h_si):
...     return 9.8 * m_si * h_si

The above function calculate the gravity potential. It is implincitly assumes float (or numpy array) argument in the MKSA system.

>>> print(PE(1.5, 20.0))
294.0

Something with 1.5 kg mass is placed at 20.0 m, the gravity potential is 294.0 J (at the Earth).

If you want to calculate with unit, PE cannot handle it properly.

>>> print(PE(1.5 * u.kg, 20.0 * u.m))
294.0 kg*m

The value is ok, but the unit is not in Joule, so that I cannot convert it.

>>> pprint(PE(1500 * u.g, 2000 * u.cm), fmt='%.4e')
2.9400e+07 g*cm

The example gives more complicated situation. Again, the unit is not consistent.

To solve this problem, I suggest to make the unitful function. The unitful version of the function can be made via

>>> PE_u = make_unitful_function(PE, [u.kg, u.m], u.J)

The first argument is the unitless function, the second argument is a list of unit assumed in the PE function in the order, and the third argument is the unit returned in the KE function.

>>> print(PE_u(1500 * u.g, 2000 * u.cm).rescale(J))
294.0 J

The :make_unitful_function: returns a wrapped function (PE_u) of the original function (PE). When called the wrapped function, the argument is first converted to float/np.array by stripping the given units used in the original function (mass is ‘kg’ and height is ‘m’ here). Then, the original function is executed with float/np.array. Finally, the given unit (the result is ‘J’) is added to the output float/np.array, to be returned by the new function.

Use of ``offset``

If you have formula as an method of some class. Let’s try to find out the Moon gravity calculator class.

>>> class MoonGravity:
...     def __init__(self):
...         self.g = 1.625   # m/s2, gravitation of Moon
...     def PE(self, mass, distance):
...         return self.g * mass * distance
>>> mg = MoonGravity()
>>> print(mg.PE(1.5, 20))
48.75

A new class, namely the unitful class may be generated as follows.

>>> class MoonGravity_u(MoonGravity):
...     def __init__(self):
...         MoonGravity.__init__(self)
...     PE = make_unitful_function(MoonGravity.PE, [kg, m], J, offset=1)
>>> mg_u = MoonGravity_u()
>>> print(mg_u.PE(1500 * g, 2000 * cm))
48.75 J

Here to define (override) new PE, offset=1 is given. This is because MoonGravity.PE method will take the object as the 0-th argument, which should not be unit-converted.

irfpy.util.unitq.make_unitful_function2(func, argunitarr, retunitarr)

Improved factory of make_unitful_function(), allowing tuple of return.

Parameters

• func – Physical function (formula)

• argunitarr – List of unit in the order of the argument of func. Units or None.

• retunitarr – List of unit of the returned value of func. Units or None.

When you implement a physical function (or formula), it is usually a good idea to have internal expression of float or numpy.array.

This is usually very fast, and easy to extend.

On the other hand, you may also want to make “unitful” version, particularly for step-by-step calculation in the interactive shell.

This function produces a function of “unitful” version from the float or numpy.array version of function.

Example follows.

Suppose you make a function to calculate the kinetic energy and the momentum. The argument is the mass and the velocity. Also, you may want to give an argument for which unit conversion is not needed, and to return a status flag, which is also not a physical unit.

The function should look like kene, mom, stat = enemom(mass, vel, name). The list of the units of the argument is [u.kg, u.m / u.s, None] and that for return values is [u.J, u.kg * u.m / u.s, None].

>>> def enemom(mass, vel, name):
...     ke = mass * vel * vel / 2.
...     mom = mass * vel
...     stat = len(name)    # Immitate the status.
...     return ke, mom, stat
>>> print(enemom(10., 30., 'sample'))
(4500.0, 300.0, 6)

If you want to make a unitful version,

>>> enemom_u = make_unitful_function2(enemom, [kg, m / s, None], [J, kg * m / s, None])
>>> print(enemom(10. * kg, 30. * m / s, 'unitful sample'))     
(array(4500.) * kg*m**2/s**2, array(300.) * kg*m/s, 14)

Todo

Known issue. If the retunitarr is scalar, the argument is transfered to make_unitful_function(). However, the None argument is not supported for make_unitful_function().

irfpy.util.unitq.use_plasma()

Use space plasma familier system as default.

Length in cm, mass in AMU, temperature in eV, and time in s.

>>> import irfpy.util.unitq as u
>>> print((1 * u.km ** 3).simplified)
1000000000.0 m**3
>>> u.use_plasma()
>>> pprint((1 * u.km ** 3).simplified, fmt='%.1e')
1.0e+15 cm**3

>>> pprint((30000 * u.K).simplified)
2.585 eVT

>>> u.use_mksa()
>>> print((30000 * u.K).simplified)
30000.0 K

irfpy.util.unitq.use_mksa()

irfpy.util.unitq.use(system=None, currency=None, current=None, information=None, length=None, luminous_intensity=None, mass=None, substance=None, temperature=None, time=None)

Alias to set_default_units provided by qunatities

irfpy.util.unitq.pprint(value, fmt='%.3f', *args, **kwds)

Print the value in easily-readable way.

Parameters

• value – A quantity

• fmt – Format. Only effective if the value has shape (), namely float.

• kwds – Keywords given to irfpy.util.with_context.printoptions() Only effective if value is array. precision and suppress are frequently used.

>>> pprint(np.sqrt(np.arange(3000)) * kg, precision=3, suppress=True)    
[  0.      1.      1.414 ...  54.745  54.754  54.763] kg
>>> pprint(1.537732343e-10 * g, fmt='%.5e')
1.53773e-10 g

irfpy.util.unitq.pp(value, fmt='%.3f', *args, **kwds)

Alias for pprint()